Chuck.



VI. G. DAVIDSON.

CHUCK.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4. |913.

Patented July 10, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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J. G. DAVIDSON.

CHUCK.

APPLICATION FILED JUNI: 4. |913.

Patented July 10, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. A

@m fw I Q2@ 044%@ CHUCK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 10, 19T?.

Application fried June 4, 1913. Serial No. 771,602.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, JAMES G. DAVIDSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of illinois, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Chucks, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to chucks and has for its object to provide a newand improved device of this description.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein-Figure 1 is a sectional view showing one form of chuck embodying theinvention;

Fig. 2 is an end view of the chuck shown in Figi;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line of Fig. 1;

Fig. #l is a sectional view taken on line fl-t of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a sectional View taken on line 5)"5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a sectional View 66 of Fig. l;

Fig. 7 is` a sectional View showing a construction for use in connectionwith taper shank drills.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the gures.

The present invention relates to chucks for use in holding drills orsimilar tools of various sizes s o that they can be properly used. Thechuck is attached to the spindle of the machine, in connection withwhichit is used, by the piece 1, which has an opening 2 for the spindle ofsuch machine. rlhe piece l is recessed to receive a series of gears 3,d, 5 and 6, which control the gripping mechanism of the chuck. Extendingabout the piece 1 is a sleeve 7 provided with an internal gear, theteeth of which engage the teeth of gears 3, 4, 5 and G. It will be notedfrom Figs. 1 and 3 that the gears 3 and a are opposite each other' andin 'the same taken on line plane, while the gears 5 and 6 are oppositeeach other, but in a plane at one side of gears 3 and d, and that theteeth ofthe internal gear 8 are long enough to engage all the gears. Ashaft 9 is associated with each gear. Theouter ends of saidY shafts passthrough openings in the wall 9a and work in said openings as bearings,the shafts completely filling the openings so that no dirt can passthrough the openings to the gears. The shafts 9 are provided withkeyways 10 and the gears are provided with keys 11.

ln assembling the parts, the gears are placed in their receiving spaces,the sleeve 7 being removed at that time, the keys being connected withthe gears. The shafts 9 are then inserted through the openings in thewall .9a and pass through the gears so as to take the position shown inFig. l, the keys 11 entering the keyways l0 so as to connect the gearswith the shafts. It will thus be seen that when the sleeve 7 is in placethe gears will be completely inclosed so that they are protected fromchips, oil and dirt. Beyond the wall 9a the interior of the piece 1 iscut away to receive the gripping jaws of the chuck. lnclosed in thepiece 1 are a series of gripping devices 19., 13, 1d and 15, eachconsisting of a series of gripping jaws 16 separated by intermediatebearing parts 17, preferably integral with the jaws, the jaws beingeccentrically connected with the intermediate bearing parts.

In the present instance I have shown four gripping devices arranged inpairs, the gripping jaws of one pair being opposite each other as shown,the gripping jaws of the other pair being opposite each other, but indifferent planes and intermediate Vthe gripping jaws of the firstmentioned pair. The drill or other tool 18 is inserted between thesegripping jaws so as to be clamped thereby, as shown in 1 and 2. Theintermediate bearing parts 17 engage the bearing faces 19 of thepiece 1. The piece l is cut away between the bearing faces 19 so as toform the openings 20. These openings act to permit the jaws to be givena complete rotation, thus permitting said jaws to be used through anyangle. When these openings extend through the outside of the barrel,they provide means for the discharge of the chips. etc. The grippingdevices 12, 13, 1% and 1o are 9 by any suitable interlocking connectionpins 2l which fit into openings in the ends of the shafts and the endsof the gripping devices as shown in 1 and 4:. In this` constructionthere is no side friction. The gripping devices are held in place by theplate 22 which is fastened to the piece 1 in any desired manner by thescrews 23 (see Fig. The gripping devices are provided with end bearingpieces 24 which are received in openings in the plate. By means of thearrangement shown the longest radius vector of the gripping jaws ofonepair of gripping devices can come together without connected with theshaftsllO CIL

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interfering with the coming together of the longest radius vector of thegripping jaws of the other pair of gripping devices. In other Words, bymeans of this construction all points simultaneously engage the toolused in the'A chuck and any desired number of gripping devices may beused. lVhen it is desired to cause the gripping jaws to engage the tool,the sleeve 7 is rotated. This rotates the gears 3, 4, 5 and G which,through the shafts 9 and pins 2l, causes a rotation of the grippingdevices so as to enlarge the space between the gripping` jaws.l Thedrill is then placed in this space and the sleeve rotated in theopposite direction to cause the gripping jaws to engage the tool. Iprefer to provide a spring 7a, having one end connected with the piece land the other end connected with the sleeve 7, said spring .normallycontinuing to rotate the sleeve 7 so as to move the gripping jaws towardthe tool and when this springis used it is only necessary to release thesleeve 7 when the tool is placed in position, the spring causing thejaws to engage. Vhen the jaws are in engagement any tendency of the toolto rotate causes the jaws to grip it more tightly.

In F l, I have shown a construction adapted to receive tools withstraight ends. To adapt this device to receive tools with tapered ends,vit i-s necessary to either provide the grippingjaws with tapered faces,or, if the jaws are provided with straight faces, to arrange taperingbearings for the gripping devices.

In Fig. 7, I have shown a construction adapted for tools with taperedends. In this construction the openings in the plate 22 have the bearingpieces 24: which Yare spread apart, as it were, so as to be out ofalinemen-t with the shafts 9, thus causing the opposing gripping jaws tobe more widely se.1'ra'.'iatedA at the outer ends of the grippingdevices than4 at the inner ends thereof so that they will all properlyengage a tool with a tapered end.

In Fig. 7, I have also shown a protecting shell 25 which surrounds andprotects thel end of the piece l containing the gripping devices andprevents the chips and oil from fiying out by centrifugal force, and atthe saine time permits them to be discharged.

Springs 26 are located in the openings into which the shafts 9 arereceived and tend 1 normally to hold said shafts against the ends of thegripping devices and keep the connecting pins 2l in proper connectiontherewith.

In Fig. l, I have shown the spring 7L as made of wire while in Fig. 7 Ihave shown saidV spring as a dat coiled spring. It will be noted in thisconstruction that the bearings for the gripping surfaces of the grippingdevices are in different planes along the axes thereof from the grippingsurfaces of the gripping devices. It will be further' noted that theyare also in different planes parallel to the aXes.

As shown in the drawings the gripping devices l2, 13, 14, l5 are eachprovided with ai centralopening 27 which extends therethrough so that awire or rod may be inserted. This wire or rod when pushed into one ofthese openings engages the lower end of the shaft 9, and when pressureis applied moves said shaft against the spring 26 so as to disengage thepins 2l' from the gripping devices.

Holes 2S are provided, by means of which the bearings of the parts 9'may b'evoiled if desired. Suitable stops 29 may be provided for theparts I6 so as to limit their movement and prevent them from moving so,asV

to permit the spring 721A to become uncoiled. In inserting andvwithdrawing the' drill, the parts are moved by hand by grasping thebarrel' or sleeve 7 andl the piece l and moving them relatively so as too'pe'norclose the jaws. W/hen the chuck is attached to the spindle, thismay be done by simplyr grasping the sleeve 7.

l. A chuck' provided' with a vplurality' of gripping' devices and acontrollii'ig mechanism' therefor, the gripping devices and controllingmechanism separate from each other and adaptedI wto be operativelyconnected t0- gether, said gripping devices and controlling mechanism`being separatelj'7 inclomsed so that dust or dirt from' the grippingdevices cannotenter the inclosure containing the con'- trollingmechanism.

2. A chuck comprising a unitary piece of material provided with anopening for a spindle, by means of which the chuck is rotated, grippingdevices and operating mechanisms therefor associated with said piece ofmaterial', said piece off materia-l cut away at one endf to receive thegripping devices, portions of said' piece of material forming bearingsforv said gripping devices, said bearings fixed with relation to theopening for saidA spindle, said piece of material c'ut yaway at adifferent pointvalongvits lengthA to receive the operating mechanism,there being a separati-ng wall between the gripping devices andtheoperating mechanism. f

3'. A chuck provided with av plurality of gripping devices, a pluralityof bearing lsurfaces for each of said gripping devices, a plurality of'gripping surfaces on each of said gripping devices projectingeceentrically from the gripping device, there being bearing surfacesintermediate said grippingv surfaces, some of said gripping surfacesprojectingbet'wee'n other `of said gripping surfaces, each grippingsurface of each gripping device being opposite a bearing surface ofanother gripping device.

4. A drill chuck provided with a plurality of gripping devices,controlling mechanism for said gripping devices, a unitary piece ofmaterial cut away at one end to receive the gripping devices and at theother end to i'eceive the controlling mechanism, thereby formingseparated chambers for the controlling mechanism and gripping devices,so that the chips formed in operating the drill cannot come into contactwith the operating mechanism, bearings integral with said unitary pieceof material for receiving the side thrust on said gripping devices, saidpiece of material provided with an opening for a spindle, by means ofwhich the chuck is rotated, said opening and said bearings being fixedwith relation to each other so that the axes of the gripping devices arealways held in the same position with relation to said opening, wherebywabbling of the drill is prevented.

5. A drill chuck comprising a plurality of gripping devices, controllingmechanism therefor, a unitary piece of material having separatereceiving spaces for the controlling mechanism and gripping devices sothat chips formed in the use of the drill cannot come into contact withsaid controlling mechanism, said unitary piece of materiafl providedwith bearings for receiving the lateral thrust on said gripping devices,and also with an opening for receiving the spindie, by means of whichthe chuck is rotated.

G. A chuck comprising a plurality of gripping devices, separateactuating shafts therefor, the gripping devices and actuating shaftsbeing separately inclosed, and means for operatively connecting thegripping devices and actuating shafts.

7. A chuck comprising a unitary piece of material, gripping devices andoperating mechanism therefor, associated therewith, said piece ofmaterial cut away at one end nve cents each,

to receive `the gripping devices and at a different point along itslength to receive the operating mechanism, said piece of material,having openings in its sides so as to permit chips and dirt to escapeand an inclosing shell therefor open at the bottom to permit the escapeof said chips and dirt.

8. A chuck comprising a series of gripping devices, a plurality ofgripping surfaces on each of said gripping devices projectingeccentrically from the gripping device, an integral support for saidgripping devices cut away at diHei-ent points along its length having aseries of separated gripping surfaces, the intermediate portions of thegripping devices reduced in size and the gripping surfaces adapted toproject into the cut-away portions of the support, the portions of thesupport remaining intact engaging the gripping devices at the reducedportions thereof some of the cut away portions of the support being indifferent planes along the aXes of said gripping devices from other ofsaid cutaway portions whereby gripping surfaces of the gripping devicesare free to swing to the center of the chuck.

9. A chuck comprising a plurality of gripping devices, shafts removablyconnecterv with said gripping devices, springs normally holding saidshafts in their connecting positions, said gripping devices providedwith opening through which may be inserted a disengaging device fordisengaging the shafts therefrom.

In testimony whereof, I aiiX my signature, in the presence of twowitnesses, this 15th day of May, 1913.

JAMES e. DiiviDsoN.

Witnesses:

DENIE A. WALTnRs, MINNiE M. LINDENAU.

by addressing the Commissioner of Batents,

Washington, IJ. C.

